Can a cladogram be falsified?
Resumen
A bottom-up way is a means of reaching knowledge, starting at the bottom level of raw data, and arriving at the top level of a more general description. Several authors—such as Delson, Eldredge and Tattersall (1977), Skelton, McHenry and Drawhorn (1986), and Strait, Grine and Moniz (1997)— attempt to use bottom-up methodologies in the paleontological field. However, if problems like those of trait biases must be avoided, it seems difficult to disregard functional criteria when constructing cladograms. Since functional criteria works on a top-down way—starting at a higher level of knowledge we deduce a lower conclusion—the naïve aim of constructing phylogenies in an extreme bottom-up way ends up by being hard to reach.
Key words: Cladogram, falsification, phylogeny, bottom-up knowledge, hypodigm, parsimony scenario, phylogeny, species, ancestor-descendant relationship.
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