Is there a phylogeny of Homo?

Milford H. Wolpoff

Resumen


Hypotheses of species genealogy are poorly supported when the species are closely related, and phylogenetics cannot be justified at all below the species level both for this reason and because the parsimony principle is invalid when there is reticulation. With the transfer of the habiline species out of Homo, several lines of evidence suggest that this genus has only a single lineage and therefore a species throughout the Pleistocene: Homo sapiens. Anatomical details supporting this contention are found in the continuity of different features in different regions.  The emerging pattern shows population reticulation based on gene flow and population movement that reflects a network of interrelationships allowing adaptive changes to broadly spread throughout the species range. Genetic evidence precludes a recent small population size bottleneck, and thereby makes very unlikely an explanation of Pleistocene variation and evolution based on successive species replacements. Multiregional evolution remains both well supported and not refuted by these data, and this implies that Pleistocene human evolution and relationships must be studied without a taxonomic framework.

 

Key words: Taxonomy, phylogeny, species, evolutionary trees, multiregional evolution.


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